Isaiah 28 - New American Standard Bible 1995 (NASB1995)

Ephraim’s Captivity Predicted

28 Woe to the proud crown of the (A)drunkards of (B)Ephraim,
And to the fading flower of its glorious beauty,
Which is at the head of the [a]fertile valley
Of those who are [b]overcome with wine!
2 Behold, the Lord has a strong and (C)mighty agent;
As a storm of (D)hail, a tempest of destruction,
Like a storm of (E)mighty overflowing waters,
He has cast it down to the earth with His hand.
3 The proud crown of the drunkards of Ephraim is (F)trodden under foot.
4 And the fading flower of its glorious beauty,
Which is at the head of the [c]fertile valley,
Will be like the (G)first-ripe fig prior to summer,
Which [d]one sees,
And [e]as soon as it is in his [f]hand,
He swallows it.
5 In that day the (H)Lord of hosts will become a beautiful (I)crown
And a glorious diadem to the remnant of His people;
6 A (J)spirit of justice for him who sits in judgment,
A (K)strength to those who repel the [g]onslaught at the gate.
7 And these also (L)reel with wine and stagger from strong drink:
(M)The priest and (N)the prophet reel with strong drink,
They are confused by wine, they stagger from (O)strong drink;
They reel while [h]having (P)visions,
They totter when rendering judgment.
8 For all the tables are full of filthy (Q)vomit, without a single clean place.

9 “To (R)whom would He teach knowledge,
And to whom would He interpret the message?
Those just (S)weaned from milk?
Those just taken from the breast?
10 “For He says,
‘[i](T)Order on order, order on order,
Line on line, line on line,
A little here, a little there.’”
11 Indeed, He will speak to this people
Through (U)stammering lips and a foreign tongue,
12 He who said to them, “Here is (V)rest, give rest to the weary,”
And, “Here is repose,” but they would not listen.
13 So the word of the Lord to them will be,
“[j]Order on order, order on order,
Line on line, line on line,
A little here, a little there,”
That they may go and (W)stumble backward, be broken, snared and taken captive.

Judah Is Warned

14 Therefore, (X)hear the word of the Lord, O (Y)scoffers,
Who rule this people who are in Jerusalem,
15 Because you have said, “We have made a (Z)covenant with death,
And with [k]Sheol we have made a [l]pact.
(AA)The overwhelming [m]scourge will not reach us when it passes by,
For we have made (AB)falsehood our refuge and we have (AC)concealed ourselves with deception.”

16 Therefore thus says the Lord [n]God,

“(AD)Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone, a tested (AE)stone,
A costly cornerstone for the foundation, [o]firmly placed.
He who believes in it will not be [p]disturbed.
17 “I will make (AF)justice the measuring line
And righteousness the level;
Then (AG)hail will sweep away the refuge of lies
And the waters will overflow the secret place.
18 “Your (AH)covenant with death will be [q](AI)canceled,
And your pact with Sheol will not stand;
When the (AJ)overwhelming scourge passes through,
Then you become its (AK)trampling place.
19 “As (AL)often as it passes through, it will [r]seize you;
For (AM)morning after morning it will pass through, anytime during the day or night,
And it will be [s]sheer (AN)terror to understand [t]what it means.”
20 The bed is too short on which to stretch out,
And the (AO)blanket is too [u]small to wrap oneself in.
21 For the Lord will rise up as at Mount (AP)Perazim,
He will be stirred up as in the valley of (AQ)Gibeon,
To do His (AR)task, His [v](AS)unusual task,
And to work His work, His [w]extraordinary work.
22 And now do not carry on as (AT)scoffers,
Or your fetters will be made stronger;
For I have heard from the Lord [x]God of hosts
Of decisive (AU)destruction on all the earth.

23 Give ear and hear my voice,
Listen and hear my words.
24 Does the [y]farmer plow [z]continually to plant seed?
Does he continually [aa]turn and harrow the ground?
25 Does he not level its surface
And sow dill and scatter (AV)cummin
And [ab]plant (AW)wheat in rows,
Barley in its place and rye within its [ac]area?
26 For his God instructs and teaches him properly.
27 For dill is not threshed with a (AX)threshing sledge,
Nor is the cartwheel [ad]driven over cummin;
But dill is beaten out with a rod, and cummin with a club.
28 Grain for bread is crushed,
Indeed, he does not continue to thresh it forever.
Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually [ae]damage it,
He does not thresh it longer.
29 This also comes from the Lord of hosts,
Who has made His counsel (AY)wonderful and His wisdom (AZ)great.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 28:1 Lit valley of fatness
  2. Isaiah 28:1 Lit smitten
  3. Isaiah 28:4 Lit valley of fatness
  4. Isaiah 28:4 Lit the one seeing sees
  5. Isaiah 28:4 Lit while it is yet
  6. Isaiah 28:4 Lit palm
  7. Isaiah 28:6 Lit battle
  8. Isaiah 28:7 Lit seeing
  9. Isaiah 28:10 Heb Sav lasav, sav lasav, Kav lakav, kav lakav, Ze’ er sham, ze’ er sham These Hebrew monosyllables, imitating the babbling of a child, mock the prophet’s preaching
  10. Isaiah 28:13 V 10, note 1 The Lord responds to their scoffing by imitating their mockery, to represent the unintelligible language of a conqueror
  11. Isaiah 28:15 I.e. the nether world
  12. Isaiah 28:15 So some ancient versions; Heb seer
  13. Isaiah 28:15 Or flood
  14. Isaiah 28:16 Heb YHWH, usually rendered Lord
  15. Isaiah 28:16 Lit well-laid
  16. Isaiah 28:16 Lit in a hurry
  17. Isaiah 28:18 Lit covered over
  18. Isaiah 28:19 Lit take
  19. Isaiah 28:19 Lit only
  20. Isaiah 28:19 Lit the report, or, the message
  21. Isaiah 28:20 Lit narrow
  22. Isaiah 28:21 Lit task is strange
  23. Isaiah 28:21 Lit work is alien
  24. Isaiah 28:22 Heb YHWH, usually rendered Lord
  25. Isaiah 28:24 Lit plowman
  26. Isaiah 28:24 Lit all day
  27. Isaiah 28:24 Lit open
  28. Isaiah 28:25 Lit put
  29. Isaiah 28:25 Lit region
  30. Isaiah 28:27 Lit rolled
  31. Isaiah 28:28 Lit discomfit

Cross references

  1. Isaiah 28:1 : Is 28:7; Hos 7:5
  2. Isaiah 28:1 : Is 9:9
  3. Isaiah 28:2 : Is 8:7; 40:10
  4. Isaiah 28:2 : Is 28:17; 30:30; 32:19; Ezek 13:11
  5. Isaiah 28:2 : Is 8:6, 7; 30:28; Nah 1:8
  6. Isaiah 28:3 : Is 26:6; 28:18
  7. Isaiah 28:4 : Hos 9:10; Mic 7:1; Nah 3:12
  8. Isaiah 28:5 : Is 41:16; 45:25; 60:1, 19
  9. Isaiah 28:5 : Is 62:3
  10. Isaiah 28:6 : 1 Kin 3:28; Is 11:2; 32:15, 16; John 5:30
  11. Isaiah 28:6 : 2 Chr 32:6-8; Is 25:4
  12. Isaiah 28:7 : Is 5:11, 22; 22:13; 56:12; Hos 4:11
  13. Isaiah 28:7 : Is 24:2
  14. Isaiah 28:7 : Is 9:15
  15. Isaiah 28:7 : Hab 2:15, 16
  16. Isaiah 28:7 : Is 29:11
  17. Isaiah 28:8 : Jer 48:26
  18. Isaiah 28:9 : Is 2:3; 28:26; 30:20; 48:17; 50:4; 54:13
  19. Isaiah 28:9 : Ps 131:2
  20. Isaiah 28:10 : 2 Chr 36:15; Neh 9:30
  21. Isaiah 28:11 : Is 33:19; 1 Cor 14:21
  22. Isaiah 28:12 : Is 11:10; 30:15; 32:17, 18; Jer 6:16; Matt 11:28, 29
  23. Isaiah 28:13 : Is 8:15; Matt 21:44
  24. Isaiah 28:14 : Is 1:10; 28:22
  25. Isaiah 28:14 : Is 29:20
  26. Isaiah 28:15 : Is 28:18
  27. Isaiah 28:15 : Is 8:8; 28:2; 30:28; Dan 11:22
  28. Isaiah 28:15 : Is 9:15; 30:9; 44:20; 59:3, 4; Ezek 13:22
  29. Isaiah 28:15 : Is 29:15
  30. Isaiah 28:16 : Rom 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pet 2:6
  31. Isaiah 28:16 : Ps 118:22; Is 8:14, 15; Matt 21:42; Mark 12:10; Luke 20:17; Acts 4:11; Eph 2:20
  32. Isaiah 28:17 : 2 Kin 21:13; Is 5:16; 30:18; 61:8; Amos 7:7-9
  33. Isaiah 28:17 : Is 28:2
  34. Isaiah 28:18 : Is 28:15
  35. Isaiah 28:18 : Is 7:7; 8:10
  36. Isaiah 28:18 : Is 28:15
  37. Isaiah 28:18 : Is 28:3; Dan 8:13
  38. Isaiah 28:19 : 2 Kin 24:2
  39. Isaiah 28:19 : Is 50:4
  40. Isaiah 28:19 : Job 6:4; 18:11; 24:17; Ps 55:4; 88:15; Lam 2:22
  41. Isaiah 28:20 : Is 59:6
  42. Isaiah 28:21 : 2 Sam 5:20; 1 Chr 14:11
  43. Isaiah 28:21 : Josh 10:10, 12; 2 Sam 5:25; 1 Chr 14:16
  44. Isaiah 28:21 : Is 10:12; 29:14; 65:7
  45. Isaiah 28:21 : Lam 2:15; 3:33; Luke 19:41-44
  46. Isaiah 28:22 : Is 28:14
  47. Isaiah 28:22 : Is 10:22, 23
  48. Isaiah 28:25 : Matt 23:23
  49. Isaiah 28:25 : Ex 9:32
  50. Isaiah 28:27 : Amos 1:3
  51. Isaiah 28:29 : Is 9:6
  52. Isaiah 28:29 : Is 31:2; Rom 11:33

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