Greek Esther 8 - New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised (NRSVA)

Royal Favour Shown to the Jews

8 On that very day King Artaxerxes granted to Esther all the property of the persecutor^[a] Haman. Mordecai was summoned by the king, for Esther had told the king^[b] that he was related to her. ² The king took the ring that had been taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai; and Esther set Mordecai over everything that had been Haman’s.

³ Then she spoke once again to the king and, falling at his feet, she asked him to avert all the evil that Haman had planned against the Jews. ⁴ The king extended his golden sceptre to Esther, and she rose and stood before the king. ⁵ Esther said, ‘If it pleases you, and if I have found favour, let an order be sent rescinding the letters that Haman wrote and sent to destroy the Jews in your kingdom. ⁶ How can I look on the ruin of my people? How can I be safe if my ancestral nation^[c] is destroyed?’ ⁷ The king said to Esther, ‘Now that I^[d] have granted all of Haman’s property to you and have hanged him on a tree because he acted against the Jews, what else do you request? ⁸ Write in my name what you think best and seal it with my ring; for whatever is written at the king’s command and sealed with my ring cannot be contravened.’

⁹ The secretaries were summoned on the twenty-third day of the first month, that is, Nisan, in the same year; and all that he commanded with respect to the Jews was given in writing to the administrators and governors of the provinces from India to Ethiopia, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces, to each province in its own language. ¹⁰ The edict was written^[e] with the king’s authority and sealed with his ring, and sent out by couriers. ¹¹ He ordered the Jews in every city to observe their own laws, to defend themselves, and to act as they wished against their opponents and enemies ¹² on a certain day, the thirteenth of the twelfth month, which is Adar, throughout all the kingdom of Artaxerxes.

Addition E

The Decree of Artaxerxes

16 ^[f] The following is a copy of this letter:

‘The Great King, Artaxerxes, to the governors of the provinces from India to Ethiopia, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces, and to those who are loyal to our government, greetings.

² ‘Many people, the more they are honoured with the most generous kindness of their benefactors, the more proud do they become, ³ and not only seek to injure our subjects, but in their inability to stand prosperity, they even undertake to scheme against their own benefactors. ⁴ They not only take away thankfulness from others, but, carried away by the boasts of those who know nothing of goodness, they even assume that they will escape the evil-hating justice of God, who always sees everything. ⁵ And often many of those who are set in places of authority have been made in part responsible for the shedding of innocent blood, and have been involved in irremediable calamities, by the persuasion of friends who have been entrusted with the administration of public affairs, ⁶ when these persons by the false trickery of their evil natures beguile the sincere goodwill of their sovereigns.

⁷ ‘What has been wickedly accomplished through the pestilent behaviour of those who exercise authority unworthily can be seen, not so much from the more ancient records that we hand on, as from investigation of matters close at hand.^{[g] 8} In the future we will take care to render our kingdom quiet and peaceable for all, ⁹ by changing our methods and always judging what comes before our eyes with more equitable consideration. ¹⁰ For Haman son of Hammedatha, a Macedonian (really an alien to the Persian blood, and quite devoid of our kindliness), having become our guest, ¹¹ enjoyed so fully the goodwill that we have for every nation that he was called our father and was continually bowed down to by all as the person second to the royal throne. ¹² But, unable to restrain his arrogance, he undertook to deprive us of our kingdom and our life,^{[h] 13} and with intricate craft and deceit asked for the destruction of Mordecai, our saviour and perpetual benefactor, and of Esther, the blameless partner of our kingdom, together with their whole nation. ¹⁴ He thought that by these methods he would catch us undefended and would transfer the kingdom of the Persians to the Macedonians.

¹⁵ ‘But we find that the Jews, who were consigned to annihilation by this thrice-accursed man, are not evildoers, but are governed by most righteous laws ¹⁶ and are children of the living God, most high, most mighty,^[i] who has directed the kingdom both for us and for our ancestors in the most excellent order.

¹⁷ ‘You will therefore do well not to put in execution the letters sent by Haman son of Hammedatha, ¹⁸ since he, the one who did these things, has been hanged at the gate of Susa with all his household—for God, who rules over all things, has speedily inflicted on him the punishment that he deserved.

¹⁹ ‘Therefore post a copy of this letter publicly in every place, and permit the Jews to live under their own laws. ²⁰ And give them reinforcements, so that on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, Adar, on that very day, they may defend themselves against those who attack them at the time of oppression. ²¹ For God, who rules over all things, has made this day to be a joy for his chosen people instead of a day of destruction for them.

²² ‘Therefore you shall observe this with all good cheer as a notable day among your commemorative festivals, ²³ so that both now and hereafter it may represent deliverance for you^[j] and the loyal Persians, but that it may be a reminder of destruction for those who plot against us.

²⁴ ‘Every city and country, without exception, that does not act accordingly shall be destroyed in wrath with spear and fire. It shall be made not only impassable for human beings, but also most hateful to wild animals and birds for all time.’

End of Addition E

8 ¹³ ‘Let copies of the decree be posted conspicuously in all the kingdom, and let all the Jews be ready on that day to fight against their enemies.’

¹⁴ So the messengers on horseback set out with all speed to perform what the king had commanded; and the decree was published also in Susa. ¹⁵ Mordecai went out dressed in the royal robe and wearing a gold crown and a turban of purple linen. The people in Susa rejoiced on seeing him. ¹⁶ And the Jews had light and gladness ¹⁷ in every city and province wherever the decree was published; wherever the proclamation was made, the Jews had joy and gladness, a banquet and a holiday. And many of the Gentiles were circumcised and became Jews out of fear of the Jews.

Footnotes

1. Greek Esther 8:1 Gk slanderer
2. Greek Esther 8:1 Gk him
3. Greek Esther 8:6 Gk country
4. Greek Esther 8:7 Gk If I
5. Greek Esther 8:10 Gk It was written
6. Greek Esther 8:12 Chapter 16.1–24 corresponds to chapter E 1–24 in some translations.
7. Greek Esther 8:12 Gk matters beside (your) feet
8. Greek Esther 8:12 Gk our spirit
9. Greek Esther 8:12 Gk greatest
10. Greek Esther 8:12 Other ancient authorities read for us