Deuteronomy 20 - New International Version (NIV)

Going to War

20 When you go to war against your enemies and see horses and chariots and an army greater than yours,(A) do not be afraid(B) of them,(C) because the Lord your God, who brought you up out of Egypt, will be with(D) you. 2 When you are about to go into battle, the priest shall come forward and address the army. 3 He shall say: “Hear, Israel: Today you are going into battle against your enemies. Do not be fainthearted(E) or afraid; do not panic or be terrified by them. 4 For the Lord your God is the one who goes with you(F) to fight(G) for you against your enemies to give you victory.(H)”

5 The officers shall say to the army: “Has anyone built a new house and not yet begun to live in(I) it? Let him go home, or he may die in battle and someone else may begin to live in it. 6 Has anyone planted(J) a vineyard and not begun to enjoy it?(K) Let him go home, or he may die in battle and someone else enjoy it. 7 Has anyone become pledged to a woman and not married her? Let him go home, or he may die in battle and someone else marry her.(L)” 8 Then the officers shall add, “Is anyone afraid or fainthearted? Let him go home so that his fellow soldiers will not become disheartened too.”(M) 9 When the officers have finished speaking to the army, they shall appoint commanders over it.

10 When you march up to attack a city, make its people an offer of peace.(N) 11 If they accept and open their gates, all the people in it shall be subject(O) to forced labor(P) and shall work for you. 12 If they refuse to make peace and they engage you in battle, lay siege to that city. 13 When the Lord your God delivers it into your hand, put to the sword all the men in it.(Q) 14 As for the women, the children, the livestock(R) and everything else in the city,(S) you may take these as plunder(T) for yourselves. And you may use the plunder the Lord your God gives you from your enemies. 15 This is how you are to treat all the cities that are at a distance(U) from you and do not belong to the nations nearby.

16 However, in the cities of the nations the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, do not leave alive anything that breathes.(V) 17 Completely destroy[a] them—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites—as the Lord your God has commanded you. 18 Otherwise, they will teach you to follow all the detestable things they do in worshiping their gods,(W) and you will sin(X) against the Lord your God.

19 When you lay siege to a city for a long time, fighting against it to capture it, do not destroy its trees by putting an ax to them, because you can eat their fruit. Do not cut them down. Are the trees people, that you should besiege them?[b] 20 However, you may cut down trees that you know are not fruit trees(Y) and use them to build siege works until the city at war with you falls.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 20:17 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.
  2. Deuteronomy 20:19 Or down to use in the siege, for the fruit trees are for the benefit of people.

Cross references

  1. Deuteronomy 20:1 : Ps 20:7; Isa 31:1
  2. Deuteronomy 20:1 : S Nu 14:9
  3. Deuteronomy 20:1 : S Dt 3:22; S 1Sa 17:45
  4. Deuteronomy 20:1 : Isa 41:10
  5. Deuteronomy 20:3 : 1Sa 17:32; Job 23:16; Ps 22:14; Isa 7:4; 35:4; Jer 51:46
  6. Deuteronomy 20:4 : 2Ch 20:14-22
  7. Deuteronomy 20:4 : S Ex 14:14; 1Ch 5:22; Ne 4:20
  8. Deuteronomy 20:4 : Jdg 12:3; 15:18; Ps 44:7; 144:10
  9. Deuteronomy 20:5 : Ne 12:27
  10. Deuteronomy 20:6 : Jer 31:5; Eze 28:26; Mic 1:6
  11. Deuteronomy 20:6 : 1Co 9:7
  12. Deuteronomy 20:7 : Dt 24:5; Pr 5:18
  13. Deuteronomy 20:8 : Jdg 7:3
  14. Deuteronomy 20:10 : S Dt 2:26; Lk 14:31-32
  15. Deuteronomy 20:11 : ver 15; 2Ki 6:22
  16. Deuteronomy 20:11 : 1Ki 9:21; 1Ch 22:2; Isa 31:8
  17. Deuteronomy 20:13 : Nu 31:7
  18. Deuteronomy 20:14 : Jos 8:2; 22:8
  19. Deuteronomy 20:14 : S Nu 31:11
  20. Deuteronomy 20:14 : S Nu 31:53
  21. Deuteronomy 20:15 : S ver 11; Jos 9:9
  22. Deuteronomy 20:16 : Ex 23:31-33; Nu 21:2-3; S Dt 7:2; Jos 6:21; 10:1; 11:14
  23. Deuteronomy 20:18 : S Ex 34:16
  24. Deuteronomy 20:18 : S Ex 10:7
  25. Deuteronomy 20:20 : Jer 6:6

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