The Roman Army

This page contains several miscellaneous items relevant to the Roman Army and will contain more as I get round to it.

Questions?

Notitia Dignitatum, Occ. 33, Valeria

 Dux of the Province of Valeria

Under the command of the vir spectabilis, the Dux of the province of Valeria Ripensis

Cuneus Equitum Scutariorum, Solva
Cuneus Equitum Dalmatarum, Intercisa
Cuneus Equitum Constantianorum, Lussonio, now at Intercisa
Cuneus Equitum Stablesianorum, Ripa Alta, now at Condracuha
Cuneus Equitum Fortensium, Altinum
Equites Dalmatae, Odiabum
Equites Promoti, Crumerum
Equites Mauri, Solva
Equites Dalmatae, Ad Herculem
Equites Dalmatae, Cirpi
Equites Dalmatae, Constantia
Equites Dalmatae, Campona
Equites Promoti, Matrice
Equites Dalmatae, Vetussalina
Equites Sagittarii, Intercisa
Equites Dalmatae, Adnamantia
Equites Dalmatae, Lussonio
Equites Dalmatae, Ripa Alta
Equites Dalmatae, Ad Statuas
Equites Dalmatae, Florentia
Equites Sagittarii, Altinum, now in a fort opposite Florentia
Equites Flavianenses, Ad Militare
Auxilia Herculensia, Ad Herculem
Auxilia Ursariensis, Pone Navata, now at Ad Statuas
Auxilia Vigilum, opposite Aquincum, in barbarian territory
Auxilia Fortensia, Cirpi
Auxilia Insidiatorum, Cardabiaca
Prefect of Legio I Adiutrix, 5 Cohorts, the greater part, Brigetio
Prefect of Legio II Adiutrix, 5 Cohorts, the greater part, Alisca
Prefect of Legio II Adiutrix, the lesser part, Florentia
Prefect of Legio II Adiutrix, the greater part, Aquincum
Prefect of Legio II Adiutrix, in a fort opposite Tautantus
Prefect of Legio II Adiutrix, Cirpi
Prefect of Legio II Adiutrix, Lussonio
Prefect of the Danubian Fleet, Florentia
Tribune of a Cohort, Vincentia
Tribune of a Cohort, Quadriburgium
Tribune of a Cohort, Iovia
Tribune of a Cohort, at the fort Centenarius
Tribune of a Cohort, Alisca
Tribune of a Cohort, Marinana
Prefect of a Legion, Transaquincum

The Notitia Dignitatum

My thanks to Kev O'Neill for starting off this section.

  1. What is the Notitia?
  2. When was the Notitia Dignitatum originally written?
  3. How accurate is the ND believed to be?
  4. When (and why ) did the shield pattern style change?

Late Roman Field Armies

1. GALLIENUS, covering period of 260s-280s. Heavily centralized field army, drawn from infantry vexillations permanently detached from border troops. New cavalry units, Dalmatians and Illyricans. Break up of legions into specialized sub-units, lanciarii, equites promoti. Field army divided between infantry and cavalry commanders, with subordinate duces. Border troops unchanged in organization.

2. DIOCLETIAN, covering period 280s-300s. Period of Tetrarchy, 2 Augusti, 2 Caesares, each with a small field army. Remainder of Central field army dispersed and placed on frontiers. Vexillatio now refers to cavalry units. New provincial organization established under duces commanding mobile elements, praeses commanding fixed elements.

3. CONSTANTINE, covering period 300s-330s. Supplementing small field armies with central field army (reversion to Gallienic policy) created with new units, palatini. Appearance of auxilia palatina. Legal distinction between comitatenses and limitanei. Praeses eliminated and duces now commanded all border troops. Some border commands upgraded to comites rei militaris. New army commanders magistri militum.

4. SONS OF CONSTANTINE, covering 330s-350s. Creation of independent regional field armies (Gaul, Illyricum, East) under magistri militum to supplement praesental armies. Transfers between regional and praesental blur palatini and comitatenses. Some transfers from limitanei to comitatenses as pseudocomitatenses.

5. LATE FOURTH CENTURY, 350s-400. Creation of new regional field army (Thrace), and new local field armies (Britain, Africa) under comites rei militaris. Some transfers from field armies to limitanei.

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