Chapter 25
Restricted Punishment. 1 If there is a dispute between men and they take it to court for the judges to decide, let them proclaim as innocent the righteous and as guilty the wrongdoer. 2 If the guilty man deserves to be beaten, then the judge will have him lay down and beaten in front of him, giving him the number of lashes that his crime deserves. 3 He can be given up to forty lashes, but no more than that, for if he is given more than that, your brother might be shamed in your sight.
4 Do not muzzle an ox when it is treading out the grain.[a]
Family Marriage.[b] 5 If brothers are living together, and one of them dies without having a son, then the widow of the deceased is not to marry outside of the family. Her husband’s brother will take her as his wife and thus perform the duty of her husband’s brother. 6 The first son will bear the name of the deceased brother, so his name not be extinguished in Israel. 7 However, if the man does not want to marry his brother’s wife, let the brother’s wife go to the elders of the town at the gate and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to ensure the continuance of his brother in Israel. He will not perform the duty expected of a husband’s brother.” 8 Then the elders of the town will summon him and speak to him. If he continues to say, “I will not marry her,” 9 then the brother’s widow will come up to him in the presence of the elders, take off one of his shoes from his feet, and spit in his face saying, “This is what a man deserves who will not build a house for his brother.” 10 His family will be known as “the family of the unsandaled one” in Israel.
11 Incidental Rules. If two men are fighting, and the wife of one of them comes forward to try to rescue her husband from the man who is beating him, and she reaches out and grabs him by his private parts, 12 you shall cut off her hand. You are to show her no pity.
13 You are not to have two different weights in your sack, one heavy and the other one light.
14 You are not to have two different measures in your house, one large and the other one small.
15 You must have accurate and honest weights and measures, so that you may live a long time in the land that the Lord, your God, has given you, 16 for anyone who does these things, who deals with others dishonestly, is an abomination to the Lord, your God.
17 Remember what the Amalekites did to you as you were on your way when you came forth from the land of Egypt.[c] 18 They met you along the way and waylaid those who were lagging when you were weary and worn out. They had no fear of God. 19 When the Lord, your God, gives you rest from all of the enemies who surround you in the land that the Lord, your God, is giving to you to possess as an inheritance, you shall blot out the memory of the Amalekites from under the heavens. Do not forget!
Footnotes
- Deuteronomy 25:4 Threshing was done in the east with the help of animals. St. Paul applies this precept in 1 Cor 9:9 and 1 Tim 5:18 in explaining why those who live for the altar should live from the altar.
- Deuteronomy 25:5 The levirate (from Latin, levir, “husband’s brother”) was a common practice among many Eastern peoples (including the Assyrians and Hittites) and had for its purpose to ensure a posterity and, with this, the stability of inherited property (see the case proposed to Jesus by the Sadducees in Mt 22:23-26).
- Deuteronomy 25:17 Amalek had violated the laws of the desert. He will be punished by Saul (1 Sam 15).