All Is Vanity
1 The words of (A)the Preacher,[a] the son of David, (B)king in Jerusalem.
2 (C)Vanity[b] of vanities, says (D)the Preacher,
(E)vanity of vanities! (F)All is vanity.
3 (G)What (H)does man gain by all the toil
at which he toils under the sun?
4 A generation goes, and a generation comes,
but (I)the earth remains for ever.
5 (J)The sun rises, and the sun goes down,
and hastens[c] to the place where it rises.
6 (K)The wind blows to the south
and goes round to the north;
round and round goes the wind,
and on its circuits the wind returns.
7 All (L)streams run to the sea,
but the sea is not full;
to the place where the streams flow,
there they flow again.
8 All things are full of weariness;
a man cannot utter it;
(M)the eye is not satisfied with seeing,
nor the ear filled with hearing.
9 (N)What has been is what will be,
and what has been done is what will be done,
and there is nothing new under the sun.
10 Is there a thing of which it is said,
“See, this is new”?
It has been (O)already
in the ages before us.
11 There is no (P)remembrance of former things,[d]
nor will there be any remembrance
of later things[e] yet to be
among those who come after.
The Vanity of Wisdom
12 I (Q)the Preacher have been king over Israel in Jerusalem. 13 And I (R)applied my heart[f] to seek and to search out by wisdom all that is done under heaven. It is an unhappy (S)business that God has given to the children of man to be busy with. 14 I have seen everything that is done under the sun, and behold, all is (T)vanity and a striving after wind.[g]
15 (U)What is crooked cannot be made straight,
and what is lacking cannot be counted.
16 I said in my heart, “I have acquired great (V)wisdom, surpassing all who were over Jerusalem before me, and my heart has had great experience of wisdom and knowledge.” 17 And I (W)applied my heart to know wisdom and to know (X)madness and folly. I perceived that this also is but (Y)a striving after wind.
18 For (Z)in much wisdom is much vexation,
and he who increases knowledge increases sorrow.
Footnotes
- Ecclesiastes 1:1 Or Convener, or Collector; Hebrew Qoheleth (so throughout Ecclesiastes)
- Ecclesiastes 1:2 Hebrew vapour (so throughout Ecclesiastes)
- Ecclesiastes 1:5 Or and returns panting
- Ecclesiastes 1:11 Or former people
- Ecclesiastes 1:11 Or later people
- Ecclesiastes 1:13 The Hebrew term denotes the centre of one's inner life, including mind, will, and emotions
- Ecclesiastes 1:14 Or a feeding on wind; compare Hosea 12:1 (so throughout Ecclesiastes)
Cross references
- Ecclesiastes 1:1 : ver. 12; ch. 7:27; 12:8-10
- Ecclesiastes 1:1 : ver. 12
- Ecclesiastes 1:2 : ch. 12:8
- Ecclesiastes 1:2 : [See ver. 1 above]; ver. 12; ch. 7:27; 12:8-10
- Ecclesiastes 1:2 : ch. 12:8
- Ecclesiastes 1:2 : [Rom. 8:20]
- Ecclesiastes 1:3 : ver. 14; Ps. 144:4; See Job 7:16; Ps. 39:5
- Ecclesiastes 1:3 : ch. 2:11, 22; 3:9; 5:16
- Ecclesiastes 1:4 : Ps. 104:5; 119:90
- Ecclesiastes 1:5 : [Ps. 19:4-6]
- Ecclesiastes 1:6 : [ch. 11:5; John 3:8]
- Ecclesiastes 1:7 : Ps. 104:8, 9
- Ecclesiastes 1:8 : ch. 4:8; Prov. 27:20
- Ecclesiastes 1:9 : ch. 3:15; 6:10; [ch. 2:12]
- Ecclesiastes 1:10 : ch. 3:15
- Ecclesiastes 1:11 : ch. 2:16; See ch. 9:5
- Ecclesiastes 1:12 : ver. 1
- Ecclesiastes 1:13 : ver. 17; [1 Kgs. 4:33]
- Ecclesiastes 1:13 : ch. 2:23, 26; 3:10; [Gen. 3:19]
- Ecclesiastes 1:14 : ver. 2; ch. 2:11, 17, 26; 4:4; 6:9
- Ecclesiastes 1:15 : See ch. 7:13
- Ecclesiastes 1:16 : ch. 2:9; [1 Kgs. 3:12, 13; 4:30; 10:7, 23]
- Ecclesiastes 1:17 : ver. 13; [ch. 2:3, 12; 7:23, 25]
- Ecclesiastes 1:17 : ch. 9:3
- Ecclesiastes 1:17 : [See ver. 14 above]; ver. 2; ch. 2:11, 17, 26; 4:4; 6:9
- Ecclesiastes 1:18 : [ch. 12:12]