Tag: Church-state separation

The dawn of the 20th century saw Portugal enter a period of social and political turbulence that would eventually lead to the downfall of its centuries-old monarchy. The establishment of the Portuguese First Republic in 1910 marked a decisive shift toward secularism, transforming a deeply Catholic s...

The Carnation Revolution, a peaceful military coup that took place on April 25, 1974, dramatically changed Portugal’s political, social, and religious landscape. This unprecedented moment brought an end to nearly fifty years of authoritarian rule under the Estado Novo regime, led first by António de...