Tag: Portuguese secularism

The Carnation Revolution, a peaceful military coup that took place on April 25, 1974, dramatically changed Portugal’s political, social, and religious landscape. This unprecedented moment brought an end to nearly fifty years of authoritarian rule under the Estado Novo regime, led first by António de...

In the 19th century, Europe experienced a powerful wave of liberal thought that championed individual freedoms, constitutional government, and the separation of church and state. Liberalism sought to weaken the entrenched power of monarchies and the Church, challenging traditional authorities and pr...